Themes and purpose:

This Makkan surah is an affirmation and consolation to the Prophet (ﷺ) during his persecution. Its purpose is to assure him of the divine favor granted through the purification of his heart and the elevation of his honor. It establishes the pivotal principle that ease inevitably accompanies every hardship, and it commands persistence in sincere worship.

Context of Revelation:

Era: Makkan by consensus.

Context: The surah was revealed during a difficult time in Makkah, following the emotional consolation of Sūrat al-Ḍuḥā. It came to provide further support and spiritual encouragement to the Prophet (ﷺ) by reminding him of the divine graces already conferred upon him.

Chronology: It is counted as the 12th surah in the order of revelation, revealed immediately after Sūrat al-Ḍuḥā and before al-ʿAṣr.

Name and Ayah Count:

Name: The surah is known variously as "Sūrat al-Sharḥ" or "Sūrat al-Inshirāḥ" (The Relief/Expansion), as well as "Sūrat A-lam nashraḥ" (Did We Not Expand), all based on its opening question. 

Ayah Count: 8 ayahs.

Surah Overview:

• Prophetic Consolation: Reminding the Prophet (ﷺ) of the divine graces already conferred upon him: the purification of his heart, the removal of his heavy burden, and the elevation of his honor. [1-4]
• The Principle of Ease: Establishing the pivotal and guaranteed principle that with hardship comes ease. [5-6]
• Command to Worship: Ordering the Prophet (ﷺ) to dedicate himself to continuous worship and to direct his hopes and needs solely toward his Lord when he is finished with his duties. [7-8]